TUning

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 I tune by ear. Starting with an A note (440 htz) sound source, either a tuning fork or electronic sound generator I tune the corresponding A on the piano to perfectly match it. That A is used as a starting point to tune the whole piano by listening to the relationships between all the notes. This creates a harmonious tuning since I’m using the harmonics of the piano for reference.

The majority of time is spent stabilizing the strings and tuning pins, this assures that the tuning will hold with repeated playing. All tunings are concert ready for performance or recording. A pitch raise might be needed if the whole piano is substantially flat compared to the A. Usually I can then concert tune it right afterward that same day.